If you’re purchasing land, starting a construction project, or preparing a site for development, you’ll likely need a land survey. But not all land surveys are the same. Each type serves a specific purpose, and choosing the right one is critical to the success of your project. At Viox & Viox, we provide a full range of land surveying services to clients throughout Northern Kentucky and Greater Cincinnati. Below, we break down the most common types of land surveys and when each one applies.
What is a Land Survey
So what is a land survey? In its most basic terms, it’s a graphic layout of a property. It is a precise measurement and mapping process used to determine the boundaries, dimensions, and features of a specific parcel of land. It involves the use of specialized equipment and techniques to accurately assess and document the physical characteristics and legal boundaries of a property.
1. Boundary Survey
A boundary survey defines the exact legal property lines. It identifies property corners, outlines the perimeter of a parcel, and checks for any encroachments or easements. This is one of the most common types of surveys and is often required for real estate transactions or improvements near property lines.
- Buying or selling property
- Installing fences or structures near a property line
- Resolving boundary disputes
2. Topographic Survey
A topographic survey maps both natural and manmade features on a parcel of land. It captures elevation changes, contours, trees, structures, drainage patterns, and utility locations. Engineers and architects use this data to design grading, drainage, and site layouts that respond to the existing terrain.
- Site development and planning
- Grading and drainage design
- Engineering or architectural projects
3. ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey
An ALTA/NSPS survey provides a detailed view of a property’s boundaries, improvements, easements, and legal access. It is typically used in commercial real estate transactions and is prepared to standards set by the American Land Title Association and the National Society of Professional Surveyors.
- Commercial property purchases or refinancing
- Title insurance and lender requirements
- Identifying encroachments or legal issues
4. Construction Staking
Construction staking transfers a project’s design from paper to the physical site. Surveyors mark exact locations for buildings, roads, utilities, and other improvements, ensuring the construction process follows the approved site plans.
- Guiding construction of new developments
- Verifying accurate placement of structures
- Preventing costly construction errors
5. Subdivision Survey
A subdivision survey divides a larger parcel into multiple legal lots. It includes layout planning, boundary marking, and preparation of plats that meet zoning and local subdivision regulations. This type of survey is commonly used in residential or commercial developments.
- Creating new lots for sale or development
- Preparing plats for municipal approval
- Planning residential or commercial subdivisions
6. As-Built Survey
An as-built survey documents the final, built condition of a site after construction is complete. It verifies that buildings, utilities, and site improvements were constructed according to approved plans, and it’s often required by municipalities before issuing occupancy permits.
- Verifying post-construction accuracy
- Meeting permit close-out requirements
- Documenting existing conditions for future projects
7. Elevation or FEMA Flood Survey
This survey measures a property’s elevation relative to base flood elevations defined by FEMA. It is used to determine flood risk and is often required for flood insurance or building permits in flood-prone areas.
- Obtaining a FEMA Elevation Certificate
- Reducing flood insurance premiums
- Meeting local floodplain building codes
How to Choose the Right Survey
The right types of land surveys depends on your goals, property details, and local requirements. Whether you’re buying a lot, breaking ground on construction, or planning a development, Viox & Viox can help guide you through the process. Our experienced land surveyors serve the Northern Kentucky and Greater Cincinnati areas with the technical skill and regional knowledge to support your project from start to finish.
Ready to Get Started?
Viox & Viox is here to help with all your land surveying needs. Reach out today to get a quote or learn which survey is right for your project.